How to Build a Voice AI Call Center Agent (Step-by-Step Guide)

A practical tutorial for developers to build and test a fully functional Voice AI Call Center Agent using Videosdk's Python framework, with code walkthrough and testing tips.

1. Introduction to AI Voice Agents in Voice AI Call Center

What is an AI

Voice Agent

?

AI Voice Agents are intelligent software systems designed to interact with humans over voice calls, simulating the experience of speaking with a live call center representative. Powered by advances in speech recognition, natural language processing, and text-to-speech synthesis, these agents can understand caller queries, provide information, and even perform basic tasks or escalate issues to humans.

Why Are They Important for the Voice AI Call Center Industry?

Voice AI is transforming call centers by automating routine customer interactions, reducing wait times, and ensuring 24/7 availability. AI Voice Agents enable businesses to scale support operations, improve customer satisfaction, and reduce operational costs. They handle repetitive inquiries, freeing up human agents for complex cases, and ensure consistent, professional communication.

Core Components of a

Voice Agent

  • Speech-to-Text (STT): Converts caller speech to text.
  • Large Language Model (LLM): Processes the text, understands intent, and generates responses.
  • Text-to-Speech (TTS): Converts agent responses back to natural-sounding speech.
  • Voice

    Activity Detection

    (VAD) & Turn Detection:
    Determines when the caller is speaking and when the agent should respond.

What You'll Build in This Tutorial

In this guide, you'll build a fully functional AI

Voice Agent

for a call center using Python and the Videosdk AI Agents framework. You'll learn how to set up the environment, implement the agent, and test it interactively in a browser-based playground.

2. Architecture and Core Concepts

High-Level Architecture Overview

At a high level, our Voice AI Call Center Agent works as follows:
  • The caller speaks into their microphone.
  • The agent uses Voice Activity Detection (VAD) and Turn Detection to determine when the caller has finished speaking.
  • The audio is transcribed to text using Speech-to-Text (STT).
  • The transcribed text is processed by a Large Language Model (LLM), which generates an appropriate response.
  • The response is converted to speech using Text-to-Speech (TTS) and played back to the caller.
  • The cycle repeats, with the agent managing the flow of conversation.
For a more detailed

AI voice Agent core components overview

, you can explore how each part of the system interacts and contributes to the overall workflow.

Mermaid UML Sequence Diagram

Diagram

Understanding Key Concepts in the VideoSDK Framework

  • Agent: The core class representing your AI bot. You define its persona, instructions, and behaviors.
  • CascadingPipeline: Orchestrates the audio processing flow (STT → LLM → TTS), plus VAD and Turn Detection. To learn more about how this works, see the

    Cascading pipeline in AI voice Agents

    .
  • VAD & TurnDetector: VAD detects when the caller is speaking; TurnDetector signals when it's the agent's turn to reply.

3. Setting Up the Development Environment

Prerequisites

  • Python 3.11+
  • A VideoSDK account (for authentication and agent deployment)

Step 1: Create a Virtual Environment

It's best practice to use a virtual environment to manage dependencies.
1python3 -m venv venv
2source venv/bin/activate  # On Windows: venv\Scripts\activate
3

Step 2: Install Required Packages

Install the Videosdk AI Agents framework and plugin dependencies:
1pip install videosdk-agents videosdk-plugins-silero videosdk-plugins-turn-detector videosdk-plugins-deepgram videosdk-plugins-openai videosdk-plugins-elevenlabs
2
For high-quality voice output, you can leverage the

ElevenLabs TTS Plugin for voice agent

to synthesize natural-sounding speech.

Step 3: Configure API Keys in a .env File

Create a .env file in your project directory and add your API keys:
1VIDEOSDK_API_KEY=your_videosdk_api_key
2OPENAI_API_KEY=your_openai_api_key
3DEEPGRAM_API_KEY=your_deepgram_api_key
4ELEVENLABS_API_KEY=your_elevenlabs_api_key
5
You can obtain these keys from the respective service dashboards.

4. Building the AI Voice Agent: A Step-by-Step Guide

Let's dive into the code! Here's the complete, runnable Python script for your Voice AI Call Center Agent:
1import asyncio, os
2from videosdk.agents import Agent, AgentSession, CascadingPipeline, JobContext, RoomOptions, WorkerJob, ConversationFlow
3from videosdk.plugins.silero import SileroVAD
4from videosdk.plugins.turn_detector import TurnDetector, pre_download_model
5from videosdk.plugins.deepgram import DeepgramSTT
6from videosdk.plugins.openai import OpenAILLM
7from videosdk.plugins.elevenlabs import ElevenLabsTTS
8from typing import AsyncIterator
9
10# Pre-downloading the Turn Detector model
11pre_download_model()
12
13agent_instructions = "You are a professional and courteous AI Voice Agent designed specifically for a voice AI call center environment. Your persona is that of a knowledgeable, efficient, and empathetic virtual call center representative. 
14
15Capabilities:
16- Answer customer inquiries about products, services, account information, and general support topics relevant to the business.
17- Route calls or escalate issues to human agents when necessary, following predefined escalation protocols.
18- Collect and verify customer information securely and accurately.
19- Provide clear, concise, and accurate information based on the company's knowledge base and guidelines.
20- Handle multiple types of customer requests, including troubleshooting, order status, billing questions, and appointment scheduling.
21- Maintain a friendly, patient, and professional tone at all times.
22
23Constraints and Limitations:
24- Do not provide personal opinions, make promises on behalf of the company, or offer information outside the approved knowledge base.
25- Never collect sensitive information such as full credit card numbers, passwords, or social security numbers.
26- If a request is outside your scope or requires human intervention, politely inform the caller and offer to transfer or escalate the call.
27- Always adhere to privacy, security, and compliance guidelines as outlined by the company.
28- Clearly state that you are an AI voice agent at the beginning of each call.
29- Do not attempt to diagnose or resolve issues that require specialized human expertise; escalate such cases promptly.
30
31Your goal is to provide efficient, accurate, and friendly support, ensuring a seamless customer experience while respecting all privacy and security protocols."
32
33class MyVoiceAgent(Agent):
34    def __init__(self):
35        super().__init__(instructions=agent_instructions)
36    async def on_enter(self): await self.session.say("Hello! How can I help?")
37    async def on_exit(self): await self.session.say("Goodbye!")
38
39async def start_session(context: JobContext):
40    # Create agent and conversation flow
41    agent = MyVoiceAgent()
42    conversation_flow = ConversationFlow(agent)
43
44    # Create pipeline
45    pipeline = CascadingPipeline(
46        stt=DeepgramSTT(model="nova-2", language="en"),
47        llm=OpenAILLM(model="gpt-4o"),
48        tts=ElevenLabsTTS(model="eleven_flash_v2_5"),
49        vad=SileroVAD(threshold=0.35),
50        turn_detector=TurnDetector(threshold=0.8)
51    )
52
53    session = AgentSession(
54        agent=agent,
55        pipeline=pipeline,
56        conversation_flow=conversation_flow
57    )
58
59    try:
60        await context.connect()
61        await session.start()
62        # Keep the session running until manually terminated
63        await asyncio.Event().wait()
64    finally:
65        # Clean up resources when done
66        await session.close()
67        await context.shutdown()
68
69def make_context() -> JobContext:
70    room_options = RoomOptions(
71    #  room_id="YOUR_MEETING_ID",  # Set to join a pre-created room; omit to auto-create
72        name="VideoSDK Cascaded Agent",
73        playground=True
74    )
75
76    return JobContext(room_options=room_options)
77
78if __name__ == "__main__":
79    job = WorkerJob(entrypoint=start_session, jobctx=make_context)
80    job.start()
81
Now, let's break down and explain each part of the code.

Step 4.1: Generating a VideoSDK Meeting ID

While the agent can auto-create a room, you can generate a meeting ID via the VideoSDK API if you want to join a specific room.
1curl -X POST \
2  -H "Authorization: YOUR_VIDEOSDK_API_KEY" \
3  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
4  -d '{}' \
5  https://api.videosdk.live/v2/rooms
6
Copy the returned roomId and use it in the RoomOptions if you want your agent to join a pre-created room. For most testing, leaving room_id commented will auto-create a room and provide a playground link.

Step 4.2: Creating the Custom Agent Class (MyVoiceAgent)

The Agent class is where you define your agent's persona and behaviors.
1agent_instructions = "You are a professional and courteous AI Voice Agent designed specifically for a voice AI call center environment. ..."
2
3class MyVoiceAgent(Agent):
4    def __init__(self):
5        super().__init__(instructions=agent_instructions)
6    async def on_enter(self):
7        await self.session.say("Hello! How can I help?")
8    async def on_exit(self):
9        await self.session.say("Goodbye!")
10
  • agent_instructions: This string guides the agent's behavior, tone, and limitations.
  • on_enter: Runs when a new session starts; greets the caller.
  • on_exit: Runs when the session ends; says goodbye.

Step 4.3: Defining the Core Pipeline (CascadingPipeline and Plugins)

The pipeline orchestrates all audio and language processing for the agent.
1pipeline = CascadingPipeline(
2    stt=DeepgramSTT(model="nova-2", language="en"),
3    llm=OpenAILLM(model="gpt-4o"),
4    tts=ElevenLabsTTS(model="eleven_flash_v2_5"),
5    vad=SileroVAD(threshold=0.35),
6    turn_detector=TurnDetector(threshold=0.8)
7)
8
  • STT: Deepgram's Nova-2 model for fast, accurate transcription.
  • LLM: OpenAI's GPT-4o for advanced conversational intelligence.
  • TTS: ElevenLabs' Flash model for natural-sounding voice output.
  • VAD: SileroVAD detects when the caller is speaking.
  • TurnDetector: Determines when the agent should respond. For more details on this feature, check out the

    Turn detector for AI voice Agents

    .
You can swap these plugins for others (e.g., Cartesia STT, Google Gemini LLM) as needed.

Step 4.4: Managing the Session and Startup Logic

The session manages the lifecycle of the conversation, connecting everything together.
1async def start_session(context: JobContext):
2    agent = MyVoiceAgent()
3    conversation_flow = ConversationFlow(agent)
4    pipeline = CascadingPipeline(
5        stt=DeepgramSTT(model="nova-2", language="en"),
6        llm=OpenAILLM(model="gpt-4o"),
7        tts=ElevenLabsTTS(model="eleven_flash_v2_5"),
8        vad=SileroVAD(threshold=0.35),
9        turn_detector=TurnDetector(threshold=0.8)
10    )
11    session = AgentSession(agent=agent, pipeline=pipeline, conversation_flow=conversation_flow)
12    try:
13        await context.connect()
14        await session.start()
15        await asyncio.Event().wait()
16    finally:
17        await session.close()
18        await context.shutdown()
19
20def make_context() -> JobContext:
21    room_options = RoomOptions(
22        # room_id="YOUR_MEETING_ID",
23        name="VideoSDK Cascaded Agent",
24        playground=True
25    )
26    return JobContext(room_options=room_options)
27
28if __name__ == "__main__":
29    job = WorkerJob(entrypoint=start_session, jobctx=make_context)
30    job.start()
31
  • start_session: Initializes the agent, pipeline, and session. Connects to the room and starts the conversation.
  • make_context: Sets up the room (with playground=True to enable browser testing).
  • WorkerJob: Runs the session as a job.

5. Running and Testing the Agent

Step 5.1: Running the Python Script

  1. Make sure your .env file is set up with all API keys.
  2. In your terminal, run:
1python main.py
2
  1. The script will print a "Playground" link to the console.

Step 5.2: Interacting with the Agent in the Playground

  • Open the provided Playground link in your browser.
  • Join the call using your microphone.
  • Speak naturally; the agent will greet you and respond to your questions.
  • To end the session, press Ctrl+C in your terminal for a graceful shutdown.
This setup allows you to test the agent's behavior as if you were a real caller. For hands-on experimentation, try using the

AI Agent playground

to interact with your agent in a browser environment.

6. Advanced Features and Customizations

Extending Functionality with Custom Tools

You can add custom function tools to enable the agent to perform actions like checking order status, scheduling appointments, or integrating with external APIs.
  • Define a Python function for your custom action.
  • Register it as a tool in your agent class.

Exploring Other Plugins

  • STT: Try Cartesia for best accuracy, or Rime for low-cost alternatives.
  • TTS: ElevenLabs for best quality; Deepgram for cost-effective TTS.
  • LLM: Swap in Google Gemini or other supported models.
Experiment with different plugins to optimize for your use case.

7. Troubleshooting Common Issues

API Key and Authentication Errors

  • Double-check your .env file for typos.
  • Ensure your API keys are active and have sufficient quota.

Audio Input/Output Problems

  • Verify your microphone permissions in the browser.
  • Check your internet connection and browser compatibility.

Dependency and Version Conflicts

  • Ensure all required packages are installed in your virtual environment.
  • Use compatible versions (Python 3.11+ is recommended).

8. Conclusion

You've now built a fully functional Voice AI Call Center Agent using Python and Videosdk! This agent can handle customer queries, provide information, and escalate as needed—all with a professional, friendly tone.
Next steps:
  • Add custom tools for business-specific actions.
  • Integrate with CRM or ticketing systems.
  • Deploy your agent for real-world customer support scenarios. For more information on how to take your solution live, see the

    AI voice Agent deployment

    guide.
Keep exploring the Videosdk AI Agents framework to unlock even more possibilities for conversational AI in the call center industry.

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